Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.
Updated
Claim. In the letters of Problem 1079: if a graph on vertices has more than edges, , then the neighborhood of every vertex of maximum degree induces more than edges. This is Theorem 2 (p. 110) of J. A. Bondy, Large dense neighbourhoods and Turán's theorem, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 34 (1983), no. 1, 109--111, with its erratum, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 35 (1983), no. 1, 80, which corrects the note's final sentence and clarifies the definition of in the proof of Theorem 2; the note writes for . It answers Erdős's own formulation, graphs with edges and a star spanning at least edges, and identifies the vertex as any vertex of maximum degree. The degree is linear in , as the question asks, since the maximum degree is at least the average degree, which exceeds ; that observation is the problem page's, the note stating no degree bound. The proof is twelve lines from the edge count of a complete multipartite graph. The note's examples (pp. 110--111), complete multipartite graphs with exactly edges that are not Turán graphs and whose maximum-degree vertices lack the strict conclusion, show that "more than" cannot be weakened to "at least" in the hypothesis while the conclusion stays strict.
Covers. Graphs with more than edges, that is,
Erdős's formulation of the question, with the stronger conclusion that any
vertex of maximum degree serves. Not covered by the theorem as stated:
graphs with exactly edges, which the site's wording
includes; there the Turán graph meets the site's conclusion with equality
and every other graph has a suitable vertex by the 1981 theorem on the
claim page
Bollobás and Thomason,
which the note restates as its Theorem 1. The note's examples show only
that at exactly edges a maximum-degree vertex can miss
the strict conclusion, Erdős's "". For the site's conclusion, at least
edges, a vertex of maximum degree always works, by
the note's argument with the inequality relaxed (an observation of this
page): if a maximum-degree vertex of degree had fewer than
edges in its neighborhood, then, every vertex
outside the neighborhood having degree at most ,
,
the middle quantity being the edge count of a complete -partite graph
on vertices, against the hypothesis . The
same non-strict maximum-degree form at the threshold is the theorem
erdos_problem_1079 of the external Lean development described next.
Formalization. Formal-conjectures states this strengthening as
erdos_1079.variants.bondy in its statement file ErdosProblems/1079.lean
(proof sorry), and its formal_proof attribute names the theorem
erdos_1079 of the external Lean development in Boris Alexeev's repository
plby/lean-proofs, which declares itself a formalization of Bollobás and
Thomason's solution and is linked from their claim page; that theorem proves,
for and , that more than edges give a
maximum-degree vertex with and more than
edges in its neighborhood. The corpus has not
built or audited the file, so it is no formalized evidence for this claim.
Depends on. Nothing in this wiki; the twelve-line proof is self-contained.
Acceptance. Refereed: Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B (the Crossref record: volume 34, issue 1, pp. 109--111, issued February 1983; the day is the issue's nominal first day, used for this page's date), with the erratum in volume 35. Reviewed: the site's curator, T. F. Bloom, labels the problem solved and credits Bondy with the strengthening in the commentary. The source card cites the publication, describes the publisher's version with its erratum and holds no file; nothing is independently reviewed. The acceptance recorded here rests on the publication and the site's acceptance, not on a local review. The site labels the problem SOLVED; since the result is a proof, the claim value here is proved, and the problem page's Status sentence keeps the site's label.