Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.
Updated
Claim. The answer to Problem 1019 is yes: every graph on vertices with edges contains a saturated planar graph on more than three vertices. In the form the forum proof states, such a graph contains a or a for some , a cycle joined to two further vertices that are joined to every vertex of the cycle and not to each other; both are saturated planar graphs on at least four vertices. The companion statement is that a graph with one edge fewer, edges, contains such a subgraph or is the join of a tree on vertices with independent vertices, ; Erdős's 1969 example (the join of a star with an independent set, checked on the problem page) is one of these. The claimant is M. Simonovits, and the result is attributed to Chapter 9 of his PhD thesis, which is unpublished and not held; no source cited here records the thesis's own date.
Postings. No text of the claimant's is in the record; the result is known through Erdős's report of it and a forum summary. The report is Erdős's printed attestation in his 1971 list, item 13 (p. 102; paged at item_13), which states the conjecture and adds that Simonovits has just proved it; the two references it attaches are Erdős's own papers of 1969 and 1964, so it names no text of Simonovits. This page's date comes from that report, its year, the day not being recorded. The one posting is a comment of 21 November 2025 in the site's discussion thread, posted after correspondence with Simonovits and credited by the site to Cambie: a summary of the two statements above, a check that the join graphs contain no saturated planar subgraph on four or more vertices, and a proof of the companion statement by induction on , deleting a vertex of minimum degree (at most ) and finding a or a in four cases of its attachment, with a parenthetical strengthening to five or more vertices except when , where one more edge is needed. The comment is not checked here. Earlier comments in the thread (18 October 2025) read a 1975 paper of Simonovits from a shared copy and judged that it reduces the question for large subgraphs to an auxiliary problem it leaves open, so that it does not settle the statement as posed; that paper is not identified by title on the site and not held.
Depends on. Nothing in this wiki; the forum proof is self-contained and Erdős's partial result (Satz 1 of 1969, a saturated planar subgraph on more than vertices for edges, with an unspecified constant) does not reach the threshold.
Formalizations. Two Lean developments declare themselves formalizations
of this result and are the formalization links above; neither was built or
audited here, so evidence lists reviewed only and no formalized. The
file src/latest/ErdosProblems/Erdos1019.lean of Boris Alexeev's
plby/lean-proofs repository, at the commit linked (the file was added on
17 August 2026), opens by calling itself a Lean formalization of a solution
to Problem 1019, names Simonovits as the informal author and Codex and
GPT-5.6 Sol as the formal authors, and proves the thread's form:
erdos_1019_sharp finds a or a bipyramid with in a
graph with the stated edge count, and erdos_1019 restates that as a
saturated planar subgraph on more than three vertices, planarity being
isomorphism to one of those two models rather than a topological embedding.
Collin Yuanjie Ren's submission JSP-000849 (16 September 2026), at the
commit linked, vendors that file as its combinatorial core and adds a
planarity bridge: its erdos_1019_saturated_planar concludes with a graph
on more than three vertices, with edges, contained in and
planar in the drawing sense (a plane drawing in with Jordan
arcs for the edges). Its README credits the mathematical result to
Simonovits and the Lean core to Codex and GPT-5.6 Sol, and says the
planarity definition, the bridge and the composed theorem were prepared with
Claude Code (Claude Fable 5.1) assistance; its own axiom audit reports only
Lean's three standard axioms, a report not reproduced here. The community
database records formal status Lean since 16 September 2026 through this
submission.
Acceptance. The reviewed evidence is documented acceptance by a named
expert and by the site's curator: Erdős, in a published proceedings volume
(Academic Press 1971), stated that Simonovits had proved the conjecture; and
the site's curator, Thomas Bloom, who took no part in the result, after the
thread of October 2025 had concluded that the problem should be reopened
because the 1975 paper does not prove it, marked the comment of 21 November
2025 as addressed, labeled the problem PROVED (the community database's file
history changes it to proved in a commit of that day) and attributes the
result to the thesis with the proof given in the comments. No publication of
the theorem exists, so refereed is not listed, and no text of the thesis
is available: the statement is known here through Erdős's one sentence and
the forum summary. The forum comment is not checked here, and this page
records the acceptance as the sources document it, nothing being
independently reviewed here. Reopening condition: a published text of the
theorem (the comment of 21 November 2025 says Simonovits was then preparing
translations of his main works for his website), after which the statement
is paged and the proof read.