Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.
Updated
Problem 354
claims/: The 5 claim pages of Problem 354, one per claimant's result; the problem's standing derives from them.
Statement. Let such that is irrational. Is the multiset
complete? That is, can all sufficiently large natural numbers be written as
for some finite ?
What if is replaced by some ?
Formulation. The site's wording as of 2026-09-28 (page last edited 1 December 2025; the history shows one earlier version, of 20 October 2025, with the same statement). Two questions. The first fixes its reading in the "That is" clause: indices, not values, are used at most once, so equal values count separately (the multiset), and zero terms are harmless. The second, "What if is replaced by some ?", does not say whether "some " means "for some " or "for every "; Graham's original (Question 12, printed p. 36, quoted on the library card) has the same wording, "What if 2 is replaced by some , ?", and the 1980 monograph's restatement (p. 58, the site's key) reads "What if 2 is replaced by where ?"; the two readings have different answers below. The site's source key is [ErGr80, p.58].
Status. Open, the site's label OPEN, which attaches to the pair of questions. The first question (base ) has two accepted partial claims: the bounty site Conjectures.io's certified Lean proof, answering it yes for all with irrational, and Hegyvári's 1989 theorem (Acta Math. Hungar.; refereed), answering it yes when one coefficient is a dyadic rational and the other is not. It also has one pending partial claim, the Yu–Chen manuscript, claiming the stronger strong completeness. The second question has a pending partial claim under each of its two readings: Kitamura's Lean proof at one base answers yes under the reading "for some ", and Geneson's Salem-base counterexample answers no under the reading "for every ". No claim settles the pair of questions, so the derived standing is open; the full answer to the first question rests on a bounty site's acceptance alone, with no refereed publication and no erdosproblems.com acceptance, and the Current assessment records its provenance and limits.
Source. erdosproblems.com/354, accessed 2026-09-28: the problem page (OPEN, with the site's note that no finite computation can resolve it; source key [ErGr80, p.58]; no prize; last edited 01 December 2025; commentary citing [Gr71], [He89], [He91], [He94], [JiMa24], [FaHe25] and van Doorn's comments), its history (one earlier version, 2025-10-20), its eleven-comment discussion thread (20 September 2025 to 5 September 2026) and its proof-claims tab (one full-proof claim, submitted 2026-09-13). Cite as: T. F. Bloom, Erdős Problem #354, https://www.erdosproblems.com/354, accessed 2026-09-28.
References.
- [ErGr80] Erdős, P. and Graham, R. L., Old and new problems and results in combinatorial number theory. Monographies de L'Enseignement Mathématique 28 (1980), printed p. 58, the site's source key. Library home: erdos_1980_old_new_problems_results_combinatorial_number_theory.
- [FaHe25] Fang, J.-H. and He, J.-Y., On a problem of Erdős and Graham. Acta Math. Hungar. 175 (2025), 532--542. Not held; site-attested.
- [Gr71] Graham, R. L., On sums of integers taken from a fixed sequence. Proceedings of the Washington State University Conference on Number Theory (1971), 22--40; Question 12, printed p. 36, is the problem in this wording, both questions included. Library home: graham_1971_sums_integers_taken_fixed_sequence; result page Question 12.
- [He89] Hegyvári, N., Some remarks on a problem of Erdős and Graham. Acta Math. Hungar. 53 (1989), 149--154, DOI 10.1007/BF02170065. Not held; site-attested, and as summarized by [Fa26], [Ge26] and [YuCh26]; claim page Hegyvári 1989.
- [He91] Hegyvári, N., On complete sequences. Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Eötvös Sect. Math. 34 (1991), 7--10. Library home: hegyvari_1991_complete_sequences.
- [He94] Hegyvári, N., On sumset of certain sets. Publ. Math. Debrecen 45 (1994), 115--122. Library home: hegyvari_1994_sumset_certain_sets.
- [JiMa24] Jiang, X.-W. and Ma, W.-X., A conjecture of Hegyvári. Int. J. Number Theory 20 (2024), 915--933. Not held; site-attested.
- [JW26] JenW1N (solver handle), Lean proof of Erdős problem 354, part (i).
Conjectures.io record
815c1d5f-3afb-4430-8e2c-260d9038f5b0; verified, review approved 15 September 2026, certified 16 September 2026. Library home: jenw1n_2026_erdos_354_part_i_lean_proof; result page target. - [YuCh26] Yu, Y. and Chen, K., Erdős Problem 354(i): Strong Completeness
of Two Dyadic Floor Sequences. Manuscript dated 13 September 2026, 17
pp., in the GitHub repository
Andrewyzzz/erdos354(proof/FORMALIZED_PROOF.pdfat the revision of 20 September 2026, the head on 2026-09-28, pinned on the claim page); Theorem, p. 1; unrefereed. Library home: yu_chen_2026_erdos_problem_354_i_strong_completeness_two_dyadic_floor_sequences; result page Theorem. - [Ki26] Kitamura, K., A Lean proof of Erdős Problem 354(ii). GitHub
repository
KitaKen1/erdos-354-part-ii, revision of 5 September 2026 (pinned on the claim page); theoremerdos_354_part_ii_solved; unreviewed. Library home: kitamura_2026_lean_proof_erdos_problem_354_ii; result page erdos_354_part_ii_solved. - [Ge26] Geneson, J., Deletion thresholds and exponential examples for complete sequences. arXiv:2609.25107v1 [math.CO] (20 September 2026), 14 pages; Corollary 12, p. 12; unrefereed. Library home: geneson_2026_deletion_thresholds_exponential_examples_complete_sequences; result page Corollary 12.
- [Fa26] Fan, S., Strongly complete sets and a conjecture of Erdős. arXiv:2607.14071 (v1 15 July 2026; v5 16 September 2026, the version cited; v4 of 9 September 2026, the version the bounty site's review cites); Corollary 1.2 (p. 4) and Remark 4.2 (v5, p. 20; Remark 4.1 of v4, p. 19); unrefereed. Library home: fan_2026_strongly_complete_sets_conjecture_erdos; result page Remark 4.2.
Formalization. Statement in
formal-conjectures,
pinned to the default branch's revision of 2026-09-27 (the file's last change
is of 2026-09-18): erdos_354.parts.i (base ) and erdos_354.parts.ii
(∃ γ ∈ Set.Ioo (1 : ℝ) 2, ...), both research open with
answer(sorry) as of 2026-09-28. The FloorMultiples.interleave definition
was corrected on 3 December 2025 (PR #1330, index n to n / 2, fixing
issue #1309; the earlier form is the misformalization the forum comment of
1 December 2025 reports as disproved), and part (ii) received its bound
base γ on 1 September 2026 (PR #5243; before that it passed the literal
2 and repeated part (i); PR #1519 of 7 January 2026 had made γ real).
Open as of 2026-09-28: PR #6433 (20 September 2026, labels
erdos-problems, solution found) to record an affirmative part (i)
from the Yu--Chen repository, with issue #6431 (20 September 2026, no
labels); PR #5286 (5 September 2026, labels erdos-problems,
awaiting-author, solution found) to mark part (ii) answer(True) with
Kitamura's proof; issue #6542 (24 September 2026, labels
misformalization, ai-audit) that part (ii)'s existential quantifier
does not capture the source's variable-base question. PR #2890 (closed
unmerged, 3 March 2026) concerned a former erdos_354.variants.known_result
declaration the current file no longer has. The Conjectures.io acceptance
is of parts.i as fixed; see Status. The site's page marks the statement
as formalized; the community database's formal_status field reads
"unformalized" while its formalized field reads yes (2025-09-05), a
stale pair.
Current assessment
The question (site formulation). The statement above; OPEN, with the
site's note that no finite computation can resolve it; no prize; last edited
1 December 2025. The site's commentary, in summary: Graham [Gr71] first
raised the question. Hegyvári proved completeness when is a
dyadic rational and is not [He89], proved, in the site's account,
that for fixed the set of giving completeness has
Lebesgue measure or infinite measure [He91] (the paper's Theorem, p. 7,
concerns the set of giving incompleteness, which it proves
measurable, as Progress and known results below records; the dichotomy does
not carry over to its complement, so the site's wording reverses the two
sets), and proved that continuum many pairs have subset
sums containing no infinite arithmetic
progression [He94]. Incompleteness holds when and
with [He89], and when and
with large enough [JiMa24], [FaHe25]. The site records
Hegyvári's conjecture that the irrationality hypothesis can be weakened to
together with one of not a dyadic
rational, and credits van Doorn's comments with completeness when
and with completeness of the ceiling analogue whenever
or is not a dyadic rational. The site thanks Wouter van
Doorn and marks the statement as formalized. The thread, oldest first: 20
September 2025 (van Doorn, posting as the account Woett): two propositions
with proofs, that holds when is a dyadic rational
and is not (through ,
the residues of the -sequence modulo an integer and a
Frobenius-number argument) and when and
(the interleaved sequence then generates all of
, by ), with the remark that the
second proof carries over at once to any base in place of
and in some cases to ; 11 October 2025 (the same): with
ceilings in place of floors the sequence is complete whenever or
is not a dyadic rational, by Graham's 1964 theorem that the union of
a -sequence and a precomplete sequence is complete, with a linked
write-up (not held) and the commenter's view that the problem was nearly
solved; 11 October 2025 (the account StijnC): that the floor and ceiling
versions can differ greatly in difficulty; 19 October 2025 (van Doorn): a
literature summary whose references were found, the comment says, using the
deep research tool of ChatGPT, Propositions 1--4 (1 and 3 due to Hegyvári
1989, 4 to Jiang--Ma and Fang--He), the observation that both
cardinality-continuum results use a power of , the
suspicion that Hegyvári 1989 settles the case , perhaps even
the whole range , possibly implicitly, unverified since
the commenter had no access to the paper, and Hegyvári's conjecture; 19
October 2025 (the account TerenceTao, two comments, one on a similar
experience): that Jiang--Ma prove more than non-completeness while Fang--He
reprove it more simply, neither claiming anything when is not
a power of ; 1 December 2025 (the account BorisAlexeev): Aristotle, the
prover of Harmonic, found a disproof of the formal-conjectures statement
owing to a misformalization (the interleave index, fixed by PR #1330 two
days later); 1 and 4 December 2025: two replies on documenting
misformalizations; 5 September 2026 (Kitamura): the announcement of the part
(ii) Lean proof, with the two concerns quoted on its card. The proof-claims
tab: one full-proof claim, credited to Yingzhe Yu and Kani Chen, submitted
2026-09-13 15:48:40, with a summary of the strong-completeness argument,
links to the proof and the formalization, and no comments, under the site's
notice that a listing there does not vouch for the proof's correctness. The
community database record (entry 354, copy accessed): status open
(2025-08-31), formal status "unformalized" while "formalized: yes"
(2025-09-05), no OEIS entry, tags number theory and complete sequences.
Origin. Graham's 1971 survey, Question 12 (printed p. 36): "Let and be positive reals with irrational. Let denote the sequence . Is complete? What if is replaced by some , ?", with completeness defined on p. 24 as all sufficiently large integers in , repeated values counting separately; the paper proves nothing about it. The 1980 monograph, printed p. 58: "Suppose and are positive reals with irrational and let denote the sequence . Is complete? What if 2 is replaced by where ?", among the section's questions on sums of subsets, with no result.
Standing of the first question: answered yes on a site-accepted Lean
proof. The status-defining source is
the accepted theorem
of Conjectures.io record 815c1d5f-3afb-4430-8e2c-260d9038f5b0 ([JW26],
"Erdős problem 354 - part i", attacked as Prove), whose type is the
catalog's erdos_354.parts.i with answer true,
True ↔ ∀ α > 0, ∀ β > 0, Irrational (α / β) → IsAddCompleteNatSeq' (Erdos354.FloorMultiples.interleave α β 2),
and whose unfolding is the site's "That is" clause word for word:
interleave α β 2 is the sequence
in , subseqSums' takes sums over finite sets of indices (each
index at most once, equal values at different indices counted separately)
and IsAddCompleteNatSeq' asks that every sufficiently large integer be
such a sum; a finite index set is exactly a pair , and zero terms
change no sum. The acceptance evidence is the site's: its Lean kernel
accepted the proof on 11 September 2026 with propext, Quot.sound and
Classical.choice as the only permitted axioms, its static scan found no
imports, axiom declarations, sorry, native_decide or unsafe options, its
report records that the theorem proved has exactly the task's canonical
type, its manual review approved the record on 15 September 2026 under its
review policy v3 after a prior-art check that found no qualifying earlier
public solution and bounds its novelty findings by the sources it inspected,
and the record was certified on 16 September 2026 with the bounty paid; the
site's second, independent kernel was not run, so the kernel verdict rests
on one implementation. Under docs/anatomy.md "Mathematical status" this is
documented independent acceptance of the exact statement it verified, so the
first question is recorded as answered; it is the acceptance of a bounty
site alone, without refereeing, erdosproblems.com acceptance or
formal-conjectures catalog agreement (as of 2026-09-28 the erdosproblems.com
page labeled the problem OPEN, last edited 1 December 2025, its proof-claims
tab listed one later full-proof claim, the Yu--Chen manuscript of 13
September 2026 with its own Lean formalization, unreviewed, and PR #6433 to
record the answer from that manuscript was open). The proof file is the
record's solution download (the .../solution page shows its first 500 lines),
fetched 2026-09-28: 485,414 bytes, 10,152 lines, header "A proof of the full
Erdős 354(levelIndex) proposition", 130 Source: <name>.lean sections in
namespace Erdos354Formal, final theorem target at line 10148; the
library card
jenw1n_2026_erdos_354_part_i_lean_proof
records it. The record page pins the catalog statement at commit 8432eac9
and the task bundle at 6a786f99, both with the same source type hash;
neither commit was publicly retrievable on 2026-09-28, so the identity of
the pinned statement rests on the task bundle's printed type and docstring
(identical to the default-branch file's, which tags both parts
research open), the shared source type hash, and the proof's own lemmas
interleave_even and interleave_odd, which unfold the catalog's
interleave by simp into the two floor sequences and compile only against
the corrected n / 2 definition of 3 December 2025, so the kernel
acceptance itself shows the pinned definition is the corrected one. This
corpus has not built or replayed the proof file and claims no kernel credit.
The file's final theorem rests on a reduction chain (a scaling to
, then two criteria on the binary digits of and
); the file contains no sorry, axiom, native_decide, unsafe,
set_option, implemented_by, extern, opaque or _root_, no
instance, notation, macro, elab or syntax, no partial
definition, decide only on finite Boolean lemmas and one classical
decidability term, and no redefinition of the catalog's names, the whole
file sitting in its own namespace; the mathematical core (a joining and
disjointness argument on the binary digit sequences of and ,
about 9,000 lines) rests on the site's kernel acceptance. The file's header
names no author beyond the site's solver handle. The theorem covers base
and the irrational-ratio hypothesis only: the rational-ratio cases of
Hegyvári's conjecture ( rational but not a power of , one
of not a dyadic rational) are outside it and are touched by
no 2026 source. The later Yu--Chen manuscript ([YuCh26],
Theorem)
claims the stronger strong completeness of the nonzero value set, which
would imply the first answer; it is dated 13 September 2026, its repository
was created 12 September, it is listed on the site's proof-claims tab and in
an open catalog PR, and it has no review or acceptance evidence, so it
changes nothing here. Van Doorn's results of September and October 2025 are
thread posts, so they have no claim page. [He91], [He94], [JiMa24] and
[FaHe25] settle no instance of the problem, since [He91] is a measure
statement and the other three concern pairs with , a
rational ratio; they have no claim page either.
Standing of the second question: unresolved, two readings. Under "for every ", Geneson's Corollary 12 ([Ge26], p. 12) answers no: at a Salem number there are with for all , (so irrational and neither sequence a tail of the other) with every and even, so the interleaving, repeated occurrences retained, is not complete; the construction is existential (Dubickas's fractional-part theorem with a sign adjustment), gives no explicit , and the author states it "does not resolve the original question with base 2" (p. 13). A preprint of 20 September 2026 whose two-page proof has not been independently reviewed. Under "for some ", the catalog's existential form, Kitamura's theorem ([Ki26]) answers yes with : the single sequence is complete for every , so the second sequence and the irrational ratio are not needed; an unreviewed GitHub proof of 5 September 2026 (the author's axiom report only), its catalog PR open and the existential quantifier disputed as a misformalization in issue #6542. The thread adds two site-attested items, neither verified by anyone in the thread or by this corpus: van Doorn's remark of 20 September 2025 that his proof of completeness for , carries over at once to every base , and his suspicion of 19 October 2025 that Hegyvári 1989 settles or even , which nobody in the thread verified. Fan's Remark 4.2 ([Fa26], Remark 4.2) concerns base only (the threshold would imply Hegyvári's conjecture; the paper proves ) and is context. Neither reading has a refereed or site-accepted source, so the second question is unresolved and its reading undetermined.
Search. erdosproblems.com (problem page, history, all eleven thread
comments, proof-claims tab); the community database copy
(entry 354); conjectures.io (results listing, record 815c1d5f, its
solution page and download, the task page, the problems listing with no part
(ii) task, the conjectures-tasks bundle at the revision pinned on the claim
page and the conjectures-contribution index);
google-deepmind/formal-conjectures (354.lean and AdditivelyComplete.lean
on main, the revision of 2026-09-27 pinned above; issues and PRs #1309,
#1330, #1519, #2890, #5243, #5286, #6431, #6433, #6542 through the GitHub
API; raw fetches of the pinned commits 6a786f99 and 8432eac9, both 404);
the repositories KitaKen1/erdos-354-part-ii (README and the theorem file
at the revision of 5 September 2026) and Andrewyzzz/erdos354 (README,
RESULTS.md, UPSTREAM.md and the PDF at the revision of 20 September
2026), with their creation and push dates from the GitHub API; arXiv
(abstract pages and PDFs of 2607.14071, versions 4 and 5, and 2609.25107v1,
both texts searched for "354"); printed p. 58 of the 1980 monograph. Not
searched: X, Google Scholar, MathSciNet, zbMATH, journal sites; no refereed
version of any 2026 source was looked for beyond the arXiv records, which
show no journal reference or DOI for either preprint.
Remaining gaps. (1) The second question's reading, "for some" or "for every" , is unfixed by the site and by both origins, and neither reading has acceptance evidence. (2) The first answer rests on a bounty site's acceptance with no refereed publication, no erdosproblems.com acceptance and no catalog agreement; a refereed version, a site update or an independent replay would remove the qualifications. (3) The pinned catalog commits returned HTTP 404 on 2026-09-28; this corpus has not built the proof file, and its core rests on the site's kernel. (4) [He89], [JiMa24], [FaHe25] and van Doorn's ceiling write-up are not held; their results are site-attested. (5) The rational-ratio cases of Hegyvári's conjecture are untouched by every 2026 source. (6) The Geneson preprint also bears on Problems 348 (Theorem 1) and 349 (Theorem 9), and the Fan preprint on Problems 254 and 124; those results belong to the pages of those problems.
Progress and known results
- Origin: Graham 1971, Question 12 (printed p. 36), the problem in this wording, both questions, stated without result; Question 12; restated in the 1980 monograph, p. 58.
- Hegyvári 1989 [He89] (not held; site-attested, also as summarized by Fan, Geneson and Yu--Chen): complete when exactly one of is a dyadic rational, recorded at Hegyvári 1989; not complete when and (the site: ; Geneson: a positive integer ).
- Hegyvári 1991 [He91] (library card; no file held): for fixed the set of with the pair incomplete is measurable of Lebesgue measure or infinite; hegyvari_1991_complete_sequences.
- Hegyvári 1994 [He94] (library card; no file held): continuum many pairs , each with and and so outside the irrationality hypothesis, whose subset sums contain no infinite arithmetic progression; hegyvari_1994_sumset_certain_sets.
- Jiang--Ma 2024 [JiMa24] and Fang--He 2025 [FaHe25] (not held; site-attested): not complete when and for sufficiently large.
- van Doorn, forum comments of September--October 2025 (site-attested and credited on the site): complete when and (the site: ), with the remark that the proof generalizes to bases ; with ceilings in place of floors the sequence is complete whenever or is not a dyadic rational (write-up linked from the thread; not held).
- Conjectures.io-accepted Lean proof [JW26] (verified 11 September 2026, review approved 15 September 2026, certified 16 September 2026): the first question answered yes, for all with irrational, every sufficiently large integer being $\sum_{s\in S}\lfloor2^s\alpha\rfloor+\sum_{t\in T}\lfloor2^t\beta\rfloor$ for finite ; target. Scope: base only, indexed (multiset) sums, no strong-completeness or set-union claim; site-accepted on a single kernel, no refereed publication, no site or catalog acceptance; not built by this corpus.
- Yu--Chen 2026 manuscript [YuCh26] (13 September 2026; unrefereed; own Lean; later than the site acceptance; a proof claim on the site; catalog PR #6433 open): claims strong completeness of for irrational, every finite deletion leaving all sufficiently large integers as sums of distinct remaining values, which implies the first answer; Theorem; an unreviewed claim.
- Kitamura 2026 Lean proof [Ki26] (5 September 2026; unreviewed; PR #5286 open; issue #6542 disputes the formalization): the catalog's existential form of the second question holds with , at which the single sequence is complete for every ; erdos_354_part_ii_solved; settles only the reading "for some ".
- Geneson 2026 [Ge26] (arXiv:2609.25107v1, 20 September 2026, preprint), Corollary 12: there are a Salem number with and with for all , , hence irrational, such that every and is even, so the interleaving is not complete; [[../library/additive_bases/geneson_2026_deletion_thresholds_exponential_examples_complete_sequences/corollary_12|Corollary 12]]; answers the reading "for every " negatively, existentially and with no explicit coefficient; the author states it does not resolve the base- question.
- Fan 2026 [Fa26] (arXiv:2607.14071v5, preprint), Corollary 1.2 and Remark 4.2: , and would imply that is strongly complete, hence Hegyvári's conjecture that it is complete, when is not a power of and one of is not a dyadic rational; Remark 4.2; it leaves the two-ray case unresolved, as the site's review notes.
- Hegyvári's conjecture (site; Fan): the hypothesis irrational can be weakened to with or not a dyadic rational; open, its rational-ratio cases untouched by every 2026 source.
Linked library material
These entries are derived from explicit links on library pages. They are navigation only and do not by themselves record mathematical progress.
- fan_2026_strongly_complete_sets_conjecture_erdos
- fan_2026_strongly_complete_sets_conjecture_erdos / remark_4_2
- geneson_2026_deletion_thresholds_exponential_examples_complete_sequences
- geneson_2026_deletion_thresholds_exponential_examples_complete_sequences / corollary_12
- geneson_2026_deletion_thresholds_exponential_examples_complete_sequences / theorem_9
- graham_1971_sums_integers_taken_fixed_sequence
- graham_1971_sums_integers_taken_fixed_sequence / question_12
- hegyvari_1991_complete_sequences
- hegyvari_1991_complete_sequences / lemma_1
- hegyvari_1991_complete_sequences / theorem
- hegyvari_1994_sumset_certain_sets
- hegyvari_1994_sumset_certain_sets / lemma_1
- hegyvari_1994_sumset_certain_sets / theorem_1
- hegyvari_1994_sumset_certain_sets / theorem_2
- hegyvari_1994_sumset_certain_sets / theorem_3
- jenw1n_2026_erdos_354_part_i_lean_proof
- jenw1n_2026_erdos_354_part_i_lean_proof / target
- kitamura_2026_lean_proof_erdos_problem_354_ii
- kitamura_2026_lean_proof_erdos_problem_354_ii / erdos_354_part_ii_solved
- yu_chen_2026_erdos_problem_354_i_strong_completeness_two_dyadic_floor_sequences
- yu_chen_2026_erdos_problem_354_i_strong_completeness_two_dyadic_floor_sequences / theorem