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Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.

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Statement

Printed p. 273, with f(n,k)f(n,k) the number of integers n+in+i, 1≤i≤k1\le i\le k, having a prime factor greater than kk (defined on p. 271), P(m)P(m) the greatest prime factor of mm, U(n,k)U(n,k) the number of m≤nm\le n with P(m)≤kP(m)\le k, and (2) de Bruijn's asymptotic U(kα,k)=(cα+o(1))kαU(k^\alpha,k)=(c_\alpha+o(1))k^\alpha (p. 272). Erdős writes nkn_k for "the smallest integer with f(nk,k)=kf(n_k,k)=k". The Chinese remainder theorem gives at once nk<∏i=0k−1ps+in_k<\prod_{i=0}^{k-1}p_{s+i}, where k<ps<ps+1<⋯k<p_s<p_{s+1}<\cdots are the consecutive primes above kk. Counting gives far more: at least nk/kn_k/k integers m<nkm<n_k have P(m)≤kP(m)\le k, since every run of kk consecutive integers up to nkn_k contains one, and (2) then yields, for k>k0k>k_0,

nk<klog⁡k/log⁡log⁡k.(6)n_k<k^{\log k/\log\log k}. \tag{6}

Erdős's comment on (6) and his conjecture (7) (p. 273): "I think (6) is fairly sharp. I feel sure that for every ϵ>0\epsilon>0 and k>k0(ϵ)k>k_0(\epsilon)

nk>exp⁡((log⁡k)2−ϵ).(7)n_k>\exp\bigl((\log k)^{2-\epsilon}\bigr). \tag{7}

I am very far from being able to prove (7), in fact can not even show nk>k2+ϵn_k>k^{2+\epsilon} which seems a ridiculously weak result. The best that I can show is nk>k2exp⁡((log⁡k)c)n_k>k^2\exp((\log k)^c) for a certain c>0c>0."

So nkn_k is the least nn such that each of n+1,…,n+kn+1,\ldots,n+k has a prime factor greater than kk. In the notation of Problem 962, where k(n)k(n) is the largest kk for which some m≤nm\le n has every m+1,…,m+km+1,\ldots,m+k divisible by a prime >k>k, one has k(n)≥kk(n)\ge k exactly when nk≤nn_k\le n, so k(n)=max⁡{k:nk≤n}k(n)=\max\{k:n_k\le n\} (an observation made here). Under this inverse, (6) gives log⁡k(n)≥(1/2−o(1))log⁡nlog⁡log⁡n\log k(n)\ge(1/\sqrt2-o(1))\sqrt{\log n\log\log n} (a substitution made here: with log⁡k=clog⁡nlog⁡log⁡n\log k=c\sqrt{\log n\log\log n}, the exponent (log⁡k)2/log⁡log⁡k(\log k)^2/\log\log k of (6) is (2c2+o(1))log⁡n(2c^2+o(1))\log n, which is at most log⁡n\log n for large nn whenever c<1/2c<1/\sqrt2); the conjecture (7) is log⁡k(n)≤(log⁡n)1/(2−ϵ)\log k(n)\le(\log n)^{1/(2-\epsilon)}, the site's displayed question log⁡k(n)≤(log⁡n)1/2+o(1)\log k(n)\le(\log n)^{1/2+o(1)}; the reported bound nk>k2exp⁡((log⁡k)c)n_k>k^2\exp((\log k)^c) gives k(n)≤n1/2exp⁡(−(log⁡n)c′)k(n)\le n^{1/2}\exp(-(\log n)^{c'}) for some c′>0c'>0; and the unproved nk>k2+ϵn_k>k^{2+\epsilon} is k(n)≤n1/2−ck(n)\le n^{1/2-c}. These translations are the page's own one-line substitutions, named as such; the site's Problem 962 commentary states the same translated bounds.

Source. P. Erdős, Problems and results on consecutive integers, Publ. Math. Debrecen 23 (1976), no. 3--4, 271--282, DOI 10.5486/pmd.1976.23.3-4.15 (Crossref record read); the twelve-page scan read for this page (printed pp. 271--282 = PDF pp. 1--12, no text layer); the passage on printed p. 273 (PDF p. 3), with the definitions on pp. 271--272 (PDF pp. 1--2), read on the page images.

Read depth. Claims checked: the passage was read clause by clause on the page image. The proof of (6) is the four-line argument printed (the Chinese remainder theorem bound, then the counting of kk-smooth integers below nkn_k against de Bruijn's asymptotic (2)); its "simple computation" was not carried out here. The bound nk>k2exp⁡((log⁡k)c)n_k>k^2\exp((\log k)^c) is asserted without proof or reference. (7) is a conjecture.

Proof pointer

As printed: every kk-smooth block of kk consecutive integers below nkn_k contributes to U(nk,k)U(n_k,k), and the blocks [jk+1,(j+1)k][jk+1,(j+1)k] with (j+1)k≤nk(j+1)k\le n_k each contain at least one integer with all prime factors ≤k\le k (otherwise nkn_k would not be minimal), so U(nk,k)≥nk/kU(n_k,k)\ge n_k/k; comparing with de Bruijn's U(kα,k)=(cα+o(1))kαU(k^\alpha,k)=(c_\alpha+o(1))k^\alpha, where cα→0c_\alpha\to0 "a little faster than (([α]+1)!)−1(([\alpha]+1)!)^{-1}" (p. 272), bounds the exponent α\alpha of nk=kαn_k=k^\alpha by (1+o(1))log⁡k/log⁡log⁡k(1+o(1))\log k/\log\log k. The same pigeonhole with the Dickman--de Bruijn asymptotic, carried out with constants, is the argument of a 2025 forum note on Problem 962 (Tang), recorded on that problem's page as a lead.

Dependencies

De Bruijn's asymptotic (2) for the count of kk-smooth integers up to kαk^\alpha (N. G. de Bruijn, Indag. Math. 13 (1951), 50--60, the paper's [1]).

Bears on

  • Problem 962: Erdős's 1976 bounds for the inverse function of k(n)k(n), his conjecture (7), which is the problem's displayed question, and his remark that (6) is "fairly sharp".