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Source. Scott D. Hughes, Sums of distinct divisors of factorials, arXiv:2609.10902v1, Remark 6, physical pp. 4–5 of the five-page PDF held by Hughes (2026); the library records it on its result page. Read in the canonical conversion beside the PDF and checked against the page images.

Standing. Author-recorded reconstruction; not an independent review; it changes no status and assigns no tier. The only imported input is Chebyshev's bound π(x)≪x/log⁡x\pi(x)\ll x/\log x.

Definitions

h(N)h(N) is defined on the Theorem 1 page. τ(N)\tau(N) is the number of positive divisors of NN, vpv_p the pp-adic valuation, and π(x)\pi(x) the number of primes up to xx. Chebyshev's bound is used in the form π(x)≤Cx/log⁡x\pi(x)\le Cx/\log x for x≥2x\ge2 with an absolute CC.

Statement

h(n!)≫(log⁡n)2h(n!)\gg(\log n)^2: there is an absolute constant c>0c>0 with h(n!)≥c(log⁡n)2h(n!)\ge c(\log n)^2 for all sufficiently large nn.

Proof

Write T=τ(n!)T=\tau(n!) and k=h(n!)k=h(n!), and let n≥4n\ge4.

Counting. Every integer 1≤m≤n!1\le m\le n! is the sum of some set of at most kk distinct divisors of n!n!, and distinct mm need distinct sets. Hence

n!≤∑i=0k(Ti).n!\le\sum_{i=0}^{k}\binom Ti .

The binomial tail. If 1≤k≤T1\le k\le T then ∑i≤k(Ti)≤(eT/k)k\sum_{i\le k}\binom Ti\le(eT/k)^k: for 0<x≤10<x\le1,

∑i≤k(Ti)≤x−k∑i=0T(Ti)xi=x−k(1+x)T≤x−kexT,\sum_{i\le k}\binom Ti\le x^{-k}\sum_{i=0}^{T}\binom Tix^i =x^{-k}(1+x)^T\le x^{-k}e^{xT},

and x=k/Tx=k/T gives (T/k)kek(T/k)^ke^k. Taking logarithms in the counting inequality, for 1≤k≤T1\le k\le T,

log⁡n!≤klog⁡eTk≤k (1+log⁡T).\log n!\le k\log\frac{eT}k\le k\,(1+\log T).

The divisor count. log⁡T=∑p≤nlog⁡(vp(n!)+1)\log T=\sum_{p\le n}\log\bigl(v_p(n!)+1\bigr). The primes p≤np\le\sqrt n are at most n\sqrt n in number and each has vp(n!)≤n/(p−1)≤nv_p(n!)\le n/(p-1)\le n, so they contribute O(nlog⁡n)O(\sqrt n\log n). A prime p>np>\sqrt n has p2>np^2>n, hence vp(n!)=⌊n/p⌋v_p(n!)=\lfloor n/p\rfloor. Such a prime lies in (n/2r+1,n/2r](n/2^{r+1},n/2^r] for exactly one integer r≥0r\ge0 with n/2r>nn/2^r>\sqrt n; there ⌊n/p⌋<2r+1\lfloor n/p\rfloor<2^{r+1}, so log⁡(vp(n!)+1)≤(r+1)log⁡2\log(v_p(n!)+1)\le(r+1)\log2, and the number of primes in the range is at most π(n/2r)≤Cn/(2rlog⁡(n/2r))≤2Cn/(2rlog⁡n)\pi(n/2^r)\le Cn/(2^r\log(n/2^r))\le2Cn/(2^r\log n), using log⁡(n/2r)>12log⁡n\log(n/2^r)>\tfrac12\log n. The primes above n\sqrt n therefore contribute at most

2Cnlog⁡2log⁡n∑r≥0r+12r≪nlog⁡n,\frac{2Cn\log2}{\log n}\sum_{r\ge0}\frac{r+1}{2^r}\ll\frac n{\log n},

and altogether log⁡T≪n/log⁡n+nlog⁡n≪n/log⁡n\log T\ll n/\log n+\sqrt n\log n\ll n/\log n.

Conclusion. Since log⁡n!≥∑n/2<j≤nlog⁡j≥n2log⁡n2≫nlog⁡n\log n!\ge\sum_{n/2<j\le n}\log j\ge\tfrac n2\log\tfrac n2\gg n\log n, the case k≤T/2k\le T/2 (so k≤Tk\le T) gives

nlog⁡n≪log⁡n!≤k (1+log⁡T)≪k nlog⁡n,n\log n\ll\log n!\le k\,(1+\log T)\ll k\,\frac n{\log n},

that is, k≫(log⁡n)2k\gg(\log n)^2. In the case k>T/2k>T/2, every integer 1,…,n1,\dots,n divides n!n!, so T≥nT\ge n and k>n/2≫(log⁡n)2k>n/2\gg(\log n)^2. In both cases h(n!)≫(log⁡n)2h(n!)\gg(\log n)^2.

Qualifications

The source splits at k≤T/2k\le T/2; the binomial-tail bound holds for all k≤Tk\le T, so the split is only for convenience. The source also restates the two questions of Erdős and Graham (pp. 37–38) on h(n!)h(n!), which are questions (b) and (c) of Problem 18; the remark proves that any answer to (c) has exponent at least 22.