Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.
Updated
Claim. Theorem 1 (p. 2): with the minimum number of Farey fractions of order strictly between two badly ordered fractions, ; the paper states as a consequence that the constant of the problem is . The problem's , the largest index distance within which every pair is similarly ordered, agrees with this definition (the Formulation paragraph of Problem 1005), so the question has the answer yes, with : . The route: every badly ordered pair contains the elementary interval with (Section 2); that interval contains at least Farey fractions of order , uniformly in and (Section 4), the constant coming from the totient-increment inequality of Lemma 5, for where ; the upper bound is van Doorn's construction, reproved in Section 5. The theorem is compiled on the result page theorem_1; the digest is on the card cipollini_2026_optimality_van_doorn_upper_bound_mayer_erdos_farey.
Submission note. Posted to erdosproblems.com as a proof claim by Ricky Cipollini (account rickyc) on 14 July 2026, giving "GPT 5.5 Thinking and GPT 5.5 Pro for writeup." as the AI used:
With the help of GPT-5.5 Thinking, I have a candidate proof of the optimality of van Doorn's upper bound (in the asymptotic form) here. The heart of the argument is the totient-sum increment lemma, which shows that the weighted counts will always grow by at least 1/4 per unit length. This allows us to prove the lower bound
which, together
with van Doorn's upper bound, gives
The
proof has been fully formalized in Lean 4 by Aristotle here. Moderator: added arXiv link!
Provenance. The claimant is the preprint's author, R. Cipollini. The contribution statement (p. 16) says that the manuscript was written by GPT-5.5 Pro, that the findings and proof strategy are due to the author together with GPT-5.5 Thinking, and thanks Aristotle and van Doorn for the Lean 4 formalization; the proof-claim entry names GPT 5.5 Thinking and GPT 5.5 Pro, the latter for the write-up, the thread post names GPT-5.5 Thinking, and the site's commentary credits the result to Cipollini and GPT 5.5. The claim was first posted in the problem's thread on 4 July 2026, the date this page is named by, with a link to an editable online document (not a citable source) and to the first Lean development below; it was filed on the proof-claims tab on 14 July 2026, and the preprint was posted to arXiv on 25 July 2026, the link a moderator added to the tab entry.
Lean. Three outside developments declare themselves formalizations of
this theorem, for the intervening-count convention, and attribute the
formal proof to Aristotle, an automated proof system: the Lake project
mrricky22/erdos-1005-lean, linked from the tab, whose Main.lean proves
that fVal n / n tends to from an upper bound fVal n ≤ n / 4 + C
and an eventual lower bound ; and the file
ErdosProblem1005.lean in the repository Woett/Lean-files, linked from
the manuscript, which proves erdos_1005, the same limit, from the same
two bounds; and the file Erdos1005.lean in Boris Alexeev's repository
lean-proofs (committed 15 September 2026), which declares itself a
formalization by Cipollini and van Doorn with Aristotle (Harmonic),
combined from the Woett file, whose main theorem erdos_1005 is the same
limit for the definition of in the formal-conjectures statement file
of 19 September 2026, which cites it as the problem's formal_proof. The
first two contain no sorry or axiom declaration in the files examined at
the pinned commits; of the third only the header and main theorem were
examined, and the file reports no sorry; none was built or
audited by this corpus, so no formalized evidence is listed; the
bridge from their fVal to the problem's is the Formulation
paragraph's remark. The upper bound is reproved in the paper, so the
theorem does not rest on
van Doorn's page,
with which the site's account pairs it.
Acceptance. Reviewed: the site's curator, Thomas F. Bloom, labels the problem solved and credits this preprint, in the problem's commentary, with the lower bound that gives (the page was last edited 1 September 2026); the curator neither wrote nor submitted the result. Not refereed: arXiv:2607.23302v1 is the only version, no journal record (Crossref, 2026-09-18) and no written independent expert review were found, and Semantic Scholar lists one citing record, the Wang--Xie--Zhao preprint. Read depth: the statement, the reduction and the lemma statements were checked; the lower-bound argument (pp. 3--14) was read for structure, no step was checked, and nothing here is independently reviewed by this project.
Depends on. Nothing on the wiki; the theorem, both bounds included, is proved in the preprint linked above.