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Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.

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Claim. The answer to Problem 426 is no. Call a graph GG a unique subgraph of HH if HH contains exactly one subgraph isomorphic to GG, and let f(n)f(n) be the maximum over graphs HH on nn vertices of the number of non-isomorphic unique subgraphs of HH divided by 2(n2)/n!2^{\binom n2}/n!, which is, up to a factor 1+o(1)1+o(1), the number of non-isomorphic graphs on nn vertices (Pólya; Wright). Theorem 1.2 of Bradač and Christoph states that f(n)→0f(n)\to0 as n→∞n\to\infty: no graph on nn vertices has a constant proportion of all nn-vertex graphs as unique subgraphs. This refutes the site's question as Erdős posed it (some δ>0\delta>0 with f(n)>δf(n)>\delta for all nn), and it is exactly the negation of the weaker reading that formal-conjectures uses; the problem page's Formulation records both readings. The proof replaces the unlabeled count by the probability that a random graph G(n,1/2)G(n,1/2) embeds uniquely into HH, shows that a positive proportion forces HH to have only O(n)O(n) non-edges, and then shows that such an HH has a unique embedding of G(n,1/2)G(n,1/2) with probability o(1)o(1), by switching two vertices of small non-degree. Erdős had offered prizes for a proof and for a disproof and expected the answer no. The known lower bounds remain exponentially small, the best being Brouwer's f(n)≥e−cnf(n)\ge e^{-cn}. The site's commentary and the thread's second comment report a quantitative rate O(log⁡log⁡log⁡n/log⁡log⁡n)O(\log\log\log n/\log\log n) from the paper's concluding remarks, not checked. The result is digested on the source card bradac_2024_unique_subgraphs_are_rare; this corpus has not reviewed the proof, and the claim consumes no page of this wiki.

Acceptance. Reviewed: the site's curator writes in the problem's commentary that Bradač and Christoph proved the answer is no, with $f(n)=o(2^{\binom n2}/n!)$; the proof-claim tab is empty. The site's label is DISPROVED (LEAN) (site export of 2026-09-04); on 2026-10-07 the public page's markup showed no label text, and the community database (teorth/erdosproblems, data/problems.yaml as of 2026-09-28) records status "disproved (Lean)", which its commit of 20 April 2026 set, with formal_status Lean. Refereed: D. Bradač and M. Christoph, Unique subgraphs are rare, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 153 (2025), no. 11, 4585-4593, doi:10.1090/proc/17303, published electronically 20 August 2025; the arXiv record (v1 of 21 October 2024, CC BY 4.0) carries no journal reference. Not counted as formalized: a public Lean formalization exists, but the corpus has not built it or audited its statement. Lorenzo Luccioli posted to the problem's thread on 20 April 2026 a formalization of the paper's result produced with Aristotle, and on 24 April 2026 a refined version carrying the paper's quantitative rate for the normalized quantity fSeq; both gists are linked above by their posting dates. The file in plby/lean-proofs, linked at its commit of 1 August 2026, collects it and names Bradač and Christoph as informal authors and Aristotle and Luccioli as formal authors (f_tendsto_zero : Tendsto fSeq atTop (nhds 0), with the file's own #print axioms comment listing propext, Classical.choice and Quot.sound). The formal-conjectures file at its pin, a statement file and so not linked above, states erdos_426 as answer(False) under research solved with proof sorry and a formal_proof attribute naming that file; its docstring reads the site's ≫\gg as a constant working for arbitrarily large nn and identifies the negation with f(n)=o(2(n2)/n!)f(n)=o(2^{\binom n2}/n!). The corpus has built and checked none of these files.