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Statement

Lemma 4 (p. 4). Let pp run over primes, γ\gamma be Euler's constant, and

η(x)=∑p≤xlog⁡pp−1−log⁡x+γ,(4)\eta(x)=\sum_{p\le x}\frac{\log p}{p-1}-\log x+\gamma, \tag{4} δ(x)=∑p≤xlog⁡pp−log⁡x+γ+∑p≥2log⁡pp(p−1)=η(x)+∑p>xlog⁡pp(p−1).(5)\delta(x)=\sum_{p\le x}\frac{\log p}{p}-\log x+\gamma +\sum_{p\ge2}\frac{\log p}{p(p-1)} =\eta(x)+\sum_{p>x}\frac{\log p}{p(p-1)}. \tag{5}

Then ∣η(x)∣≤Mk|\eta(x)|\le M_k and ∣δ(x)∣≤Mk|\delta(x)|\le M_k for x≥2kx\ge2^k, where MkM_k is given by Table 1:

kkMk×105M_k\times10^5kkMk×105M_k\times10^5kkMk×105M_k\times10^5
2436.80296.377341.101
2527.65305.122350.833
2617.60313.143360.569
2713.04322.174370.438
288.173331.654380.305

The caption of Table 1 (p. 4) says the values of MkM_k are best possible apart from rounding.

Proof pointer

P. 5. Only k=38k=38 needs an argument; the other entries come from computer calculation. For 238≤x≤2392^{38}\le x\le2^{39} the bound is checked by computer. Beyond that, the paper combines the Rosser--Schoenfeld identity for δ(y)−δ(x)\delta(y)-\delta(x), display (6), with Büthe's bounds for ϑ(x)−x\vartheta(x)-x on 1423≤x≤10191423\le x\le10^{19}, display (7), with Dusart's explicit bounds for ψ(x)−x\psi(x)-x and Rosser and Schoenfeld's bound for ∣ψ(x)−ϑ(x)∣|\psi(x)-\vartheta(x)|, which give display (8) on 1019≤x≤y≤e60010^{19}\le x\le y\le e^{600}, and with Axler's bound for ∣δ(y)∣|\delta(y)| when y≥e600y\ge e^{600}, display (9); the bound for η\eta follows since 0<δ(x)−η(x)<10−100<\delta(x)-\eta(x)<10^{-10} for x≥239x\ge2^{39}, display (10).

Read depth

Claims checked: the definitions (4), (5), the statement and Table 1 were read on the page image of p. 4 of arXiv version 3, and the proof on p. 5 was followed for structure. The computer calculations were not repeated. Nothing here is independently reviewed.

Dependencies

J. B. Rosser and L. Schoenfeld, Illinois J. Math. 6 (1962), Eq. (4.21) and Theorem 13; J. Büthe, Math. Comp. 87 (2018), Theorem 2; P. Dusart, Ramanujan J. 45 (2018), Proposition 3.2 and Table 1; C. Axler, Integers 18 (2018), Proposition 8. The lemma is used in Theorem 1 with k=32k=32.

Source. Andreas Weingartner, The constant factor in the asymptotic for practical numbers, arXiv:1906.07819; the edition read is named on the source card.

Bears on

No Erdős problem directly; the lemma is a tool for Theorem 1.