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Statement

Equation (1) of the paper (p. 893) is n!+1=pkapk+1bn!+1=p_k^{a}p_{k+1}^{b} with a≥0a\ge0, b≥0b\ge0 and pk−1≤n<pkp_{k-1}\le n<p_k, where pkp_k is the kkth prime; see the Theorem.

Lemma (p. 893, unnumbered, quoted). "In equation (1), one has ab≠0ab\neq0."

The Lemma is stated under the paper's standing assumption, made just before Section 2 (p. 893), that the solution of (1) has n≥12n\ge12; the proof uses n≥12n\ge12 to find two primes in [n+1,2n][n+1,2n] and ends in a contradiction with it. Read with that hypothesis: if n≥12n\ge12 and pk−1≤n<pkp_{k-1}\le n<p_k, then n!+1n!+1 is not of the form pap^{a} with p∈{pk,pk+1}p\in\{p_k,p_{k+1}\}. Without it the statement fails: 4!+1=524!+1=5^2 with p2=3≤4<5=p3p_2=3\le4<5=p_3.

Source. F. Luca, On a conjecture of Erdős and Stewart, Math. Comp. 70 (2001), no. 234, 893--896, DOI 10.1090/S0025-5718-00-01178-9; Section 2, the Lemma on printed p. 893, its proof on pp. 893--894, read in the journal's printing recorded on the source card.

Read depth. Claims checked: the statement and the standing assumption were read clause by clause on the page image. The proof was read for its structure and not checked.

Proof pointer

Pp. 893--894. Suppose n!+1=pan!+1=p^{a} with p∈{pk,pk+1}p\in\{p_k,p_{k+1}\} and write a=2ia1a=2^{i}a_1 with a1a_1 odd. The 22-adic valuation of pa−1p^{a}-1 is at most log⁡2(pk+1+1)+log⁡2a\log_2(p_{k+1}+1)+\log_2 a (display (3)); pa<nnp^{a}<n^{n} and p>np>n give a<na<n, and two primes in [n+1,2n][n+1,2n] for n≥12n\ge12 give pk+1+1≤2np_{k+1}+1\le2n, so ord⁡2(n!)<2log⁡2n+1\operatorname{ord}_2(n!)<2\log_2 n+1 (display (5)). Against ord⁡2(n!)≥n−log⁡2(n+1)\operatorname{ord}_2(n!)\ge n-\log_2(n+1) (display (6), which the paper cites as Lemma 1 of its reference [1]) this forces n≤11n\le11.

Dependencies

The lower bound (6) for ord⁡2(n!)\operatorname{ord}_2(n!), cited on p. 894 as "Lemma 1 in [1]", the paper's reference to Y. Bugeaud and M. Laurent, J. Number Theory 61 (1996), 311--342; and the fact, used without reference, that [n+1,2n][n+1,2n] contains at least two primes for n≥12n\ge12.

Bears on

  • Problem 1058: the Lemma excludes, for n≥12n\ge12, the solutions in which n!+1n!+1 is a power of a single one of pkp_k, pk+1p_{k+1}. It enters the problem only through Case 2 of the proof of the Theorem (p. 895), which answers it; on its own it does not decide the problem.