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Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.

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Statement

Setting (p. 2). For A⊆ZA\subseteq\mathbb Z, rA(n)r_A(n) is the number of pairs (a′,a′′)∈A×A(a',a'')\in A\times A with a′′−a′=na''-a'=n (the paper prints the set of pairs). A set A⊆ZA\subseteq\mathbb Z is a perfect difference set if every non-zero integer has a unique representation as a difference of two elements of AA; in the paper's terms, rA(n)=1r_A(n)=1 for every n∈Nn\in\mathbb N. N\mathbb N is the set of positive integers.

Theorem 3 (p. 2, quoted). "There is a partition N=∪k=1∞Ak\mathbb N=\cup_{k=1}^{\infty}A_k of the set of all positive integers such that each AkA_k is a perfect difference set and ∣Ai∩(Aj+z)∣≤2|A_i\cap(A_j+z)|\le2 for any i,j,z∈Ni,j,z\in\mathbb N."

The intersection condition is the paper's way of making the parts have "completely different structure" (p. 2): no three elements of any part reappear, shifted by a positive integer, in the same or another part. By contrast, the paper remarks (p. 2) that for any finite partition of N\mathbb N some part AA has rA(n)=∞r_A(n)=\infty for arbitrarily large nn.

Source. Vsevolod F. Lev, Reconstructing integer sets from their representation functions, Electron. J. Combin. 11 (2004), no. 1, Research Paper 78, 6 pp., doi:10.37236/1831: the statement on p. 2, the proof on pp. 3--4 (Section 2, pp. 3--4). The edition read is identified on the source card.

Read depth. Claims checked: the definitions and the statement were read clause by clause on the printed pages. The proof was read but not checked step by step. Nothing here is independently reviewed.

Proof pointer

Pp. 3--4. A greedy construction in steps. A function f:N→Nf:\mathbb N\to\mathbb N with f(2m−1)≤mf(2m-1)\le m and f(2m)=m+1f(2m)=m+1 (the paper's (3)), and with every fibre f−1(k)f^{-1}(k) infinite, schedules which part is extended at each step. At an even step 2m2m the still empty part Am+1A_{m+1} receives the least positive integer not yet used. At an odd step nn the part AkA_k, k=f(n)k=f(n), receives zz and z+dz+d, where dd is the least positive integer not yet a difference in AkA_k and zz is chosen so that both numbers are new, no non-trivial equation a1−a2=a3−a4a_1-a_2=a_3-a_4 arises in AkA_k, and no new triple in AkA_k is a translate of a triple in another part. Each condition excludes only finitely many zz; for the last one the paper uses that at step nn all but (n+1)/2(n+1)/2 parts are still empty.

Dependencies

No other result of the paper.

Bears on

No Erdős problem in this corpus directly. The single-set simplification of this construction, the greedy perfect difference set, bears on Problem 1194.